We can put a very good determine on how a lot we all know concerning the universe: 5%. That’s how a lot of what’s floating about within the cosmos is bizarre matter—planets and stars and galaxies and the mud and gasoline between them. The different 95% is darkish matter and darkish power, two mysterious entities aptly named for our incapability to make clear their true nature.
Previous work has begun pulling aside these dueling forces, however darkish matter and darkish power stay shrouded in a blanket of questions—critically, what precisely are they?
Enter the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, one in all our 10 breakthrough applied sciences for 2025. Boasting the biggest digital digital camera ever created, Rubin is predicted to review the cosmos within the highest decision but as soon as it begins observations later this yr. And with a greater window on the cosmic battle between darkish matter and darkish power, Rubin may slim down current theories on what they’re fabricated from. Here’s a take a look at how.
—Jenna Ahart
This story is a part of MIT Technology Review Explains, our sequence untangling the complicated, messy world of know-how that will help you perceive what’s coming subsequent. You can learn extra from the sequence right here.
Anthropic has a brand new approach to shield massive language fashions in opposition to jailbreaks
What’s new? AI agency Anthropic has developed a brand new line of protection in opposition to a standard type of assault referred to as a jailbreak. A jailbreak methods massive language fashions (LLMs) into doing one thing they’ve been skilled to not, reminiscent of assist anyone create a weapon. And Anthropic’s new strategy might be the strongest defend in opposition to the assaults but.
How they did it: Jailbreaks are a type of adversarial assault: enter handed to a mannequin that makes it produce an surprising output. Despite a decade of analysis there may be nonetheless no approach to construct a mannequin that isn’t susceptible. But, as a substitute of making an attempt to repair its fashions, Anthropic has developed a barrier that stops tried jailbreaks from getting by and undesirable responses from the mannequin getting out. Read the complete story.