For greater than a century, scientists have seen water has quite a lot of uncommon properties that don’t match inside the basic mannequin of it being only a strong, liquid or fuel.
Gerald Pollack constructed upon these observations, and finally decided that when a negatively charged floor is current, if an applicable power supply can be current (significantly infrared — which is all over the place), the water will assemble itself into layers of offset hexagonal sheets with the formulation H3O2 that behave like a liquid crystal.
Note: In addition to mild, sound may also generate H3O2.
In my eyes, liquid crystalline water is a critically beneath appreciated space of science because it offers a mechanism to elucidate most of the unexplained mysteries of the physique (e.g., how achieve this many fluids circulation inside it regardless of there being no recognized pump to maneuver them) and a technique to put phrases into a lot of what we incessantly observe inside the physique.
What Is Liquid Crystalline Water?
Liquid crystalline water has a big diploma of solidity, and can expel most issues from coming into it (e.g., polystyrene microspheres), together with the displaced hydrogen atoms (as it’s H1.5O not H2O). These displaced positively charged H atoms (henceforth known as protons), in flip assemble instantly outdoors this lattice, thereby making a pH and cost gradient which could be measured.
In many instances, these H3O2 lattices could be huge — in favorable circumstances, Pollack and others have measured ones starting from 0.1 millimeters to 0.5 millimeters (100,000 to 500,000 nanometers or nm) in dimension. Cells rely upon this water, in order that they include a lot of surfaces from which the water can type.
For instance, 20% of the cell is occupied by its cytoskeleton (a protein lattice which maintains its construction), and evaluation of high-voltage electron micrographs have proven that inside the cytoskeleton, over half of the water current is inside 5 nm of a floor it might probably type H3O2 on (for reference a single H2O molecule is 0.27 nm in dimension).
Since the floor websites that water can construction on are so intently packed collectively in cells, it’s comprehensible why liquid crystalline water (additionally generally referred to as EZ water) can be a lot extra obvious to people observing dwelling cells beneath a microscope (which in truth is the place a lot of the early analysis on H3O2 originated from). This in flip raises one other query: why are cells designed to create a lot liquid crystalline water?
Note: An extended article describing the lengthy historical past of analysis into liquid crystalline water (H3O2) and its bodily properties could be learn right here.
Mysteries of the Cell
In the earlier article, I mentioned a standard challenge I observe inside science. When an incorrect mannequin is utilized to elucidate a pure course of, discrepancies between the mannequin’s predictions and actuality will inevitably seem.
One would anticipate that when this occurs, it might encourage these espousing the misguided mannequin to re-examine their mannequin, however as a substitute, since a lot has been invested into that mannequin, they as a substitute will denounce any challenges to it, and give you innumerable inventive methods to elucidate away every failure of the present mannequin.
Consider, for instance, the preliminary guarantees of the vaccines (should you get two doses, you had been instructed that you’d be utterly immune, transmission would cease, and COVID-19 would quickly fade into reminiscence). Since the medical trials for the vaccines had been fraudulent, not one of the vaccines’ guarantees materialized, and the COVID state of affairs as a substitute turned worse.
However, as a substitute of healthcare authorities (and the medical neighborhood) admitting their mistake and switching to a special strategy for managing COVID-19, they doubled down on the vaccine mandates and moved the objective posts time and again with reference to what mass-vaccination (and boosting) was truly supposed to perform.
Likewise, for mobile biology, our data of the cell is surprisingly primitive and the present fashions usually fail to elucidate what happens inside the mobile setting. However, because the different fashions usually are not typically accepted by the scientific neighborhood, we’ve got been compelled to repeatedly patch the present fashions in order that they will considerably account for the innumerable mysteries of life.
At this level, I consider one of many key causes of this example is scientific analysis turning into distorted to prioritize specializing in discoveries that business can revenue from.
For instance, immunology has a slim concentrate on the features of the immune system which could be focused by vaccination or proprietary medication, which in flip has left many different elements of the immune response uncared for (the immune system is often known as one of many least understood programs within the physique).
Similarly, since pharmaceutical medication usually work by affecting receptors and channels in cells, mobile biology has adopted a narrow-minded concentrate on simply these features of a cell.
In flip, the liquid crystalline part of water offers quite a lot of explanations for most of the organic phenomena that the present fashions merely don’t adequately handle. In this text, I’ll focus upon a couple of of them.
Note: Much of what’s mentioned on this article is roofed in additional element inside these three books (equally, the vast majority of the references for this text are sourced from these books, so I cannot repetitively cite them all through the article). If you want to additional examine the topic your self, I might advocate studying these books (all authored by Gerald H. Pollack) on this order:
- The Fourth Phase of Water: Beyond Solid, Liquid, and Vapor (2013)
- Cells, Gels and the Engines of Life: A New, Unifying Approach to Cell Function (2001)
- Phase Transitions in Cell Biology (2008) — that is probably the most technical of the three
Cellular Integrity
One of the main puzzles of biology is the immense sturdiness that cells have. If you contemplate the basic mannequin — cells being luggage of liquid contained inside a fluid mosaic membrane, it needs to be easy for exterior forces to “pop” cells and have all of their contents spill out. Yet usually, cells preserve their integrity regardless of important stressors.
Cells can survive traumas, together with being guillotined in half, drawn and quartered (so particular elements could be remoted and labored with — resembling when performing in vitro fertilization), or shot stuffed with holes with electrical bullets, every of which one would anticipate can be ample to “pop” them. However, in every occasion, mobile integrity of the remaining element persists.
Similarly, if the membrane from a cell is eliminated, its inside contents stay in place reasonably than quickly dispersing. It has additionally been recognized for over 50 years that if muscle fibers lose their membranes, their practical means (making a contractile power) stays intact.
Three clues assist to elucidate these phenomena. The first is that — as Pollack has proven — water droplets have a outstanding quantity of integrity, and like cells, will preserve their integrity (and subsequently fuse again collectively) if a micro-blade is used to guillotine them in half. The second is that Pollack has additionally proven water droplets include a big diploma of liquid crystalline water which possible is what confers their integrity.
The third is that the water molecules in cells predominantly exist inside gels, that are composed of that very same liquid crystalline water. Put in a different way, which means that a cell’s stability is essentially a property of its water holding it collectively reasonably than the exterior construction which encapsulates it.
Another essential facet of mobile structure ought to now be thought of. As the circumstances for liquid crystalline water formation are current all through the cell (negatively charged hydrophilic surfaces and ambient infrared power), the cells ought to quickly be filling themselves with liquid crystalline water layers a whole lot of micrometers in thickness.
Yet, all through the cells, the surfaces are sometimes solely fractions of a micrometer aside. This signifies that the construction of the cell relies upon upon the continuous formation of liquid crystalline water, however concurrently constrains that crystalline construction from rising to its full dimension.
Tensegrity
Classically in structure, buildings are created by having robust skeletons upon which the remainder of the construction rests. For instance, within the previous days, we incessantly used stone pillars; these days, skyscrapers require metal superstructures to satisfy the wants of those buildings:
This mannequin usually doesn’t work inside dwelling organisms, as a result of life, in contrast to these buildings, requires fast motion, and dwelling organisms merely can not produce strong buildings with the identical energy as metal beams. However, another and extra advanced architectural mannequin has been developed which is incessantly utilized by those that embrace complexity inside their fashions.
Tensegrity (quick for tensional integrity), was a mannequin first put ahead by Buckminster Fuller. It posits that if a sequence of non-compressible buildings are linked collectively by a lattice of elastic connections (which might retailer rigidity when stretched), a a lot stronger construction is created.
This is as a result of any power the construction receives might be equally distributed by means of every of these elastic connections reasonably than concentrating on a single element (e.g., the stone pillar), and thus, a lot much less prone to exceed the breaking level of any single structural element.
Fuller’s work subsequently impressed quite a few buildings to be constructed on the rules of tensegrity. This is a basic image of him holding a tensegrity sphere he made:
Biotensegrity encapsulates the belief that this similar system additionally happens all through nature. For the human physique, at every degree of group, a linked tensile matrix is current that confers its stability.
One French hand surgeon, Jean-Claude Guimberteau, has likewise finished a outstanding job of demonstrating the presence of linked tensile buildings on the degree of fascia (a connective tissue current all through the physique many handbook therapists work with), by means of small (magnified) cameras positioned within the physique throughout minimally invasive surgical procedures:
Note: At the magnification scale used right here and in his different movies, liquid crystalline water could be straight noticed coating these buildings. Also word its lubricating high quality that permits the buildings to slip previous one another. Loss of this lubrication seems to create quite a lot of points inside the physique.
As the years go by, there seems to be a larger consensus inside the holistic medical subject that biotensegrity is a legitimate mannequin for understanding the physique, and that linked networks of rigidity are current from the most important to the smallest ranges of the physique (e.g., the cytoskeleton is the elastic connecting unit inside every cell). However, whereas this concept is incessantly mentioned, there are nonetheless two main unaddressed points with it, which I consider liquid crystalline water can clarify.
The first is that in Guimberteau’s work, he had noticed that tiny vacuoles (enclosed compartments stuffed with water) all through the physique type the fundamental incompressible unit that a lot of the physique’s tensegrity relies upon upon.
The second is that at a good increased magnification inside cells, whereas a cytoskeleton is current that’s beneath rigidity, there may be nothing that may be seen which creates that rigidity (and it’s extremely debatable if the cell’s connections to the extracellular matrix suffice to create that rigidity). This issues as a result of the structural energy of a tensegrity system solely emerges when a construction’s elements are beneath rigidity.
In the case of the previous, I consider that the microvacuoles are stuffed with liquid crystalline water (which can’t be compressed). In the case of water droplets, Pollack concluded that the mutual repulsion between positively charged protons (pushed to the middle of the droplet by sheets of H3O2) creates an outwards power resisted by the liquid crystalline boundary of the droplet.
The stability between these two forces ends in the droplet assuming a spherical type, and I consider the identical mechanism is at work within the microvacuoles all through the human physique.
In the case of the latter, you will need to bear in mind how a lot enlargement is produced by proteins that create gels (many gels are over 99.9% water). Pollack, in flip, has proven that the liquid crystalline water that’s always attempting to type inside the cell is unable to succeed in its full dimension on account of proteins resisting the stretch that must happen had been the liquid crystalline gel to develop to its full dimension.
This occurs each on the degree of the cell (because the cytoskeleton stretches because the cell expands to its most dimension, till it can not permit additional enlargement to happen) and inside proteins all through the cell.
At the protein degree, the physique usually depends upon chemical bonds to be made between proteins to constrain the utmost enlargement that may happen in response to a gel forming. Additionally, proteins can alternate between a folded and an unfolded conformation (e.g., a helix vs. a coil), one thing usually decided by the stress utilized to the protein (such because the expansive strain of liquid crystalline water inside a gel).
There are quite a lot of significance penalties of this conformation change which might be mentioned later on this article (e.g., for the physiology of muscular tissues). Additionally, many different elements of the physique additionally seem to depend on liquid crystalline water:
“Studying collagen, Melacini et al. noted the importance of water in stabilizing its triple helix crystalline structure. They found that water within the collagen helix forms a “semi-clathrate-like structure that surrounds and interconnects triple helices in the crystal lattice.”
Water inside the matrix of bone is likewise extremely structured, a structuring that has been discovered related not solely with natural macromolecules resembling collagen and proteoglycans, however with the mineral surfaces as effectively. Water, in truth, appears to play a foundational function in orienting mineral nanoparticles into parallel preparations inside the bone matrix, offering this orientation even within the absence of natural molecules.”
Everyday Gel Expansions
Many applied sciences we’re conversant in (e.g., diapers) depend on hydrogels which might develop right into a semisolid construction which retain water. Similarly, we are able to straight observe that many bigger processes inside the physique are additionally dependent upon water’s tendency to assemble into the bigger liquid crystalline buildings.
Because the traditional structure of protein’s cross-linking habits limits how a lot gels can develop (because the proteins which would want to separate to accommodate the rising gel are prevented from doing so by cross hyperlinks between them), when tissue or protein is broken, this limitation could be partially eliminated. As a consequence, it may be seen on a microscopic scale that human tissue will swell and develop when it’s broken.
Likewise, Pollack has argued that that is most certainly what occurs whenever you expertise a musculoskeletal trauma. In Pollack’s proposed mannequin, the preliminary gel formation additional expands the present tear, and this progressive enlargement of liquid crystalline water finally results in seen swelling.
On a bigger scale, one of many main engineering challenges for the physique is having weight-bearing joints just like the knees be capable to preserve their vary of movement with out turning into broken by the continuous friction they expertise each day.
A outstanding attribute about liquid crystalline water is that, supplied the floor from which it varieties stays intact, liquid crystalline water could be destroyed after which reform, together with its nearly frictionless floor, time and again.
Because of this, the liquid crystalline water finally ends up being the element which absorbs the stress skilled by wholesome joints, and supplied the joint is wholesome, this water can immediately regenerate from that stress. In conjunction with this regenerating layer of negatively charged liquid crystalline water, on the very heart of the joint, there’s a pocket of positively charged protons which repel from one another and create an expansive strain (like what’s seen in a water droplet).
Since the joint capsule seals this area, these protons are unable to flee and thus successfully perform like repelling magnets (e.g., contemplate a maglev prepare) that resist the load of the physique and preserve the central house inside the joint.
One of the issues I contemplate probably the most compelling about Pollack’s mannequin for the joints is the precise high quality of synovial fluid contained in the knee joint. When you view it on a digicam throughout an arthroscopic surgical procedure, diffusion inside it’s visibly slowed, whereas should you straight extract it (e.g., throughout a knee aspiration), you possibly can inform that it has a a lot thicker and gelatinous high quality, one thing I’ve discovered to affiliate with the presence of liquid crystalline water.
Pollack likewise argues that his mannequin suggests EZ (liquid crystalline) water’s habits resembles that of a gelatinous egg white which is semisolid when left alone, but capable of circulation in response to an imposed shear power.
Cellular Gradients
Note: A “gradient” describes a distinction within the focus of issues in two completely different areas. This might embody electrical prices (i.e. batteries rely upon gradients), electrolytes, or temperatures — and plenty of gradients present an simply harvestable supply of power.
The present paradigm of physics asserts the next:
- The pure state of issues is to be disordered and evenly blended.
- Anytime you make one thing change into extra ordered (e.g., forming a crystal or making a gradient between two areas), power should be expended to create that ordering.
- When an ordered construction turns into disordered, power is launched within the course of which might typically be harvested (e.g., combusting wooden in a wooden range to warmth our properties).
- Anytime power is launched from one thing, should you try and seize and retailer that power, some power will all the time be misplaced.
These legal guidelines, in flip, are used to refute the chance that any sort of “free-energy” system can exist, such because the exclusion zone (EZ) water system Pollack has proposed the place quite a few harvestable gradients are created. Unfortunately for the present paradigm, biology usually seems to violate these legal guidelines, as it’s regularly shifting in direction of a extra ordered state reasonably than the disordered state the present paradigm predicts.
The present decision for this paradox (which received a Nobel prize) is that dwelling organisms perform as “dissipative structures,” which trade the order in giant quantities of ordered elements they accumulate from their setting in return for imparting order to their very own disordered contents.
Although to some extent this permits the present paradigm to maintain itself, I don’t consider it’s completely correct as water, by means of its liquid crystalline construction, has the flexibility to retailer radiant power that passes by means of it and convert that power to order the physique can then make the most of.
The Sodium Potassium Gradient
One of the issues dwelling cells are well-known for doing is concentrating potassium inside themselves and reciprocally expelling sodium. Since the focus inside and out of doors cells differs, a gradient exists, which, by the present legal guidelines of physics ought to attempt to equalize itself and quickly disappear.
Since this doesn’t occur, the present mannequin has argued that the mobile membrane prevents the passage of most however not all sodium and potassium (thereby inhibiting the gradient from equalizing itself) and that sodium potassium pumps on the mobile membrane exist which continuous swap sodium contained in the cell for potassium outdoors the cell.
Because this trade is so very important to sustaining the well being of the cell, a big focus in mobile biology is positioned on the significance of the sodium potassium trade pump. Unfortunately, there are three elementary issues with this mannequin (the proof of every of those and extra is introduced by Gilbert Ling right here):
- The math doesn’t add up — the present sodium potassium pumps merely shouldn’t have the capability to counteract the pure undoing of the sodium and potassium gradients. For instance, in muscle cells, sustaining the sodium potassium gradient with pumps requires between 4 to 30 instances the whole accessible power within the cell.
- Cells are capable of preserve a gradient with quite a lot of different undesirable elements they expel (e.g., micro organism expelling antibiotics) and to elucidate these phenomena, increasingly more pumps are recognized to attempt to help the mannequin. This is an issue as a result of it’s unlikely that cells have the capability to concurrently maintain so many various pumps.
- Ling took frog muscle cells whose setting was altered in order that they had been utterly starved of power (which is required to function the sodium potassium pump). Despite this, the gradient was maintained.
This then begs the query of what could possibly be creating this gradient? Ling made the next observations:
- The gradient was maintained if the cell membrane (the place these pumps reside) was eliminated.
- Producing a membrane with sodium potassium pumps that didn’t include a cytoplasm (the within of a cell) resulted within the gradient quickly disappearing from with the membrane.
This means that the gradient is a property of the cell cytoplasm reasonably than the mobile membrane. Interestingly, the similar property has been present in synthetic gels, which just like the cytoplasm, additionally generate giant quantities of liquid crystalline water:
“We present that the gel barrier is ready to preserve a steady separation of ionic options of various ionic strengths and chemical compositions with none pumping exercise. For the Na+ /Ok+ focus gradient sustained throughout the barrier, a adverse electrical potential develops inside the Ok+ -rich aspect. The state of affairs is harking back to that within the cell.
Furthermore, additionally the advective circulation of water molecules throughout the gel barrier is restricted, regardless of the gel’s giant pores and the osmotic or hydrostatic strain gradients throughout it.”
This focus phenomenon has additionally been noticed by different authors:
“Evidence for such accumulative condensation was produced nearly a century in the past when Bungenberg de Jong in 1932 confirmed that even dilute options of polymers, when shaken, coalesced into droplets-then referred to as coascervates-in which the natural matter turned extremely concentrated. The polymer focus in such droplets might exceed the focus within the surrounding tub by as a lot as 10,000 instances.
When positioned in sure dyes, the droplets turned progressively extra coloured, the depth usually many instances exceeding that of the encompassing answer. Thus, gel droplets had the capability to pay attention sure solutes, because the cell concentrates potassium.”
Since gels independently display most of the inexplicable traits of cells, it’s thus affordable to conclude they could share a mechanism for producing the sodium potassium gradient noticed all through biology.
Barriers
One main problem for all cells is maintaining undesirable issues out. Classically, we view the method of pathogenic substances coming into cells as being a product of their interplay with matching receptors on the cells (a world view which I consider is emphasised by medical science as a result of medication could be developed to disrupt this course of). I, in flip, consider that this exclusion course of by the cell is closely influenced by present prices, zeta potential and liquid crystalline water.
Because liquid crystalline water can for probably the most half solely type on negatively charged surfaces (the identical manner that water molecules every expel half a hydrogen atom and thereby maintain a web adverse cost because of the misplaced hydrogens), nearly each floor within the physique (and plenty of different pure programs) is coated with a adverse cost.
Since colloidal stability (which governs the habits of most fluid programs) largely relies upon upon the mutual repulsion created by similar prices, most pure colloidal programs make the most of adverse prices to stay dispersed and solely clump collectively if extreme optimistic prices are current (likewise most strategies of restoring zeta potential function on this precept).
Pathogenic organisms usually impart optimistic prices to their setting (resembling by means of micro organism decarboxylating the adverse prices of amino acids inside proteins). This causes proteins and cells contained in the physique to start clumping collectively (the malaria parasite is especially good at doing this), which each prevents the immune system from getting access to the microbes and will increase the microbe’s means to achieve entry to the cells.
One of the significantly attention-grabbing observations made by the unique proponent of physiologic zeta potential was that bacterial and viral infections (I consider this was probably the most studied with influenza) would create a constant degradation of the physiologic zeta potential. This offers a proof for why viruses like influenza could be a lot extra harmful for the aged.
Someone with a wholesome zeta potential can tolerate a minor impairment of their colloidal stability (they may simply really feel a bit unwell), however for somebody who already has an impaired zeta potential (which is a quite common consequence of growing older), that discount could be ample to cross a essential threshold the place extreme sickness onsets.
One of the earliest distinguishing traits of COVID-19 to me was that many sufferers developed medical indicators suggesting extreme zeta potential disruption, one thing I had not seen with another respiratory virus. A key purpose I used to be involved in regards to the spike protein lengthy earlier than the vaccines entered the market, was as a result of I had recognized it because the possible offender for this zeta potential disruption.
This was on account of it being a novel element of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (it differed from that of SARS-CoV-1) that was current on the floor of the virus and which had an unusually excessive optimistic cost density. It has since been proven that the spike protein straight induces clumping of purple blood cells, possible on account of its cost distribution having the potential to create a big disruption of physiologic zeta potential.
One of the attention-grabbing feedback I’ve repeatedly seen acknowledged by each people who’ve taken protocols to enhance their physique’s manufacturing of liquid crystalline water and people who’ve finished the identical for bettering their zeta potential, is that they hardly ever get sick.
This might probably imply both that the signs of infections are far more minor if these physiologic parameters are already in good well being (e.g., because you don’t cross a essential zeta potential threshold), or as a result of they straight stop cells from turning into contaminated by pathogens.
As many components which positively have an effect on one of many parameters usually have an effect on the opposite (e.g., earthing improves zeta potential and promotes the expansion of liquid crystalline water within the physique), it’s a bit arduous to say which impact finally predominates, and an excellent deal of my analysis on this subject was primarily based on attempting to reply that query.
Note: The strategies of restoring zeta potential and rising liquid crystalline water inside the physique are mentioned additional right here.
In this text, we evaluation a number of the proof supporting that barrier speculation. The earliest I got here throughout was from the work of Viktor Schauberger (1885-1958), who believed it was critically essential for water to journey in a vortexing sample, one thing as mentioned within the earlier a part of this sequence, has been proven to extend the presence of liquid crystalline water.
One of the numerous discoveries made by using vortexing programs primarily based on his design for water provides was that it lowered the expansion of micro organism inside the water system (e.g., on the within of pipes).
Other analysis has straight discovered that the presence of liquid crystalline water prevents the expansion and invasion of micro organism, resembling this examine:
“In a check performed with E. coli, cells progressively penetrated EZ [liquid crystalline water] over 2 days. Furthermore, EZ-bearing Nafion had 80% much less biomass accumulation of E. coli over 2 days in comparison with an EZ-less, hydrophilic, easy aluminum oxide floor. This means that EZ might characterize the primary line of protection, spatially and temporally, in opposition to micro organism approaching sure hydrophilic surfaces.
These findings might have essential implications in creating biofouling-resistant materials surfaces for purposes delicate to bacterial attachment and biofilm formation.”
And this examine:
“Silk sericin is a globular protein whose resistance in opposition to fouling is essential for purposes in biomaterials and water-purification membranes. Here it’s proven how sericin generates a water-exclusion [liquid crystalline] zone that will facilitate antifouling habits. Negatively charged microspheres had been used to imitate the floor cost and hydrophobic domains in micro organism.
Immersed in water, sericin fashioned a 100-µm-sized exclusion zone (for micron-size foulants), together with a proton gradient with a lower of >2 pH-units. Thus, when in touch with sericin, water molecules close to the floor restructure to type a bodily exclusionary barrier that may stop biofouling.
The decreased pH turns the aqueous medium unviable for neutrophilic micro organism. Therefore, resistance to biofouling appears explainable, amongst different components, on the idea of water-exclusionary phenomena.”
Many tissues rely upon the presence of liquid crystalline water lining them, and that is possible at the least partly, because of the protecting barrier they create. Green and Otori in 1970, for instance, discovered exclusion zones roughly 350 μm deep extending from the cornea, and in addition from contact lenses (it’s essential to guard the attention from harm, and liquid crystalline water features as a clear, well-lubricated barrier, qualities each essential for the eyes).
Pollack, roughly 15 years in the past, additionally discovered similar outcomes (the presence of liquid crystalline water) subsequent to polyNIPAM, the gel used to manufacture contact lenses.
One of crucial tissues within the physique for offering a protecting (however well-lubricated layer) is on the endothelial lining of the blood vessels. There, giant quantities of blood creating important shear forces always cross over the blood vessels. To this level, Malcom Kendrick has famous that the areas of circulation which expertise the best shear forces are the most certainly to develop the continual harm which finally results in coronary heart illness.
The protecting coating of the endothelium, the glycocalyx, is structured (on account of its excessive sulfate content material) to create giant quantities of gel (liquid crystalline water) round it and thus shield the endothelium. Additionally, a skinny layer that blood cells can not enter is thought to straight line the partitions of even the smallest blood vessels.
Similarly, researchers in 2000 noticed a 0.4-0.5μm thick gelled layer of water lining the endothelium of wholesome capillaries (the smallest blood vessels within the physique), and this lining excludes quite a lot of completely different substances from reaching the endothelium.
Officially, the vaccine spike protein can not have an effect on the endothelium as a result of it lacks a practical ACE2 binding area (whereas the COVID-19 virus has a practical one by means of which it then enters the cell).
Although that is the case, there are many different methods that the spike protein can nonetheless connect to the endothelium (e.g., the spike protein can nonetheless connect to the receptor, it straight binds heparin within the glyocalyx, and whether it is produced from contained in the endothelium by the vaccine, it has successfully entered the endothelium).
Since autopsies of people suspected to have died on account of vaccination have revealed profound harm to the endothelial layer, this offers robust proof that the spike protein in a method or one other has the flexibility to penetrate the usually protecting barrier there.
Many have suspected that that is partly because of the extremely optimistic cost that the spike protein (and the typically positively charged elements of the lipid nanoparticles) carries, as these optimistic prices can penetrate the liquid crystalline water barrier defending cells just like the endothelium.
I consider it could even be because of the spike protein’s disruption of zeta potential, as different states related to elevated blood viscosity (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes) are recognized to harm the endothelium and speed up the development to heart problems.
Phase Transitions
Although liquid crystalline water is important for all times, an excessive amount of of it can be problematic. For instance, if the whole cell was coated with gel-state water, it might not be attainable for a lot of issues that wanted to enter the cell to enter.
To clear up this downside, areas of optimistic cost exist within the membrane (e.g., Pollack argues that it is a key purpose for the position of steel ions inside the cell membrane), which stop liquid crystalline water from forming over the realm and thus create an open passage for water to journey by means of.
Note: Although we’re taught to think about the cell as a fluid mosaic of phospholipids with proteins right here and there, roughly 50% of the cell membrane is usually composed of proteins (and it may well typically be much more).
In most instances, nevertheless, the physique depends upon having the ability to remodel water between its gel (liquid crystalline) state and a sol (bulk water containing colloidal suspensions) state as wanted. However, whereas recognition of the basic significance of part adjustments in mobile biology has regularly elevated over the past 70 years, the vast majority of the scientific subject continues to be wedded to the fluid mosaic speculation, which believes that the mobile membrane is all the time a liquid.
Briefly, gels (each pure and artificial ones) sometimes have a temperature (its transition level) the place the gel will endure a fast transition from one state to the opposite (defined additional right here). As far as I do know, in all instances, the warmer temperature will correspond to the sol state (H2O water with suspended colloids) and the colder one will correspond to the gel state (H3O2). Additionally, elevated strain may even promote the gel state:
“Biological activity almost universally requires that membranes be in their fluid state; in many cases, just above the transition point.”
Gels all through the physique, in flip, are designed to have a part transition level close to the traditional temperature of the physique. This might clarify why most mammals and birds preserve their temperature between 35°– 42°C (95°– 107.6°F; the traditional temperature for people is 37°C or 98.6°F), an in any other case curious truth given how a lot their our bodies and environments differ (e.g., a tiny chook within the desert vs. a blue whale).
Additionally, this temperature extends past warm-blooded animals. A tuna fish, when lively, maintains the temperature of its physique at 30°C or 86°F (the ocean is way colder) whereas many reptiles preserve their physique temperature close to 40°C or 104°F (by doing issues like looking for out the solar). Many bugs additionally can not fly till they’ve warmed as much as an analogous vary of temperature (e.g., 38°C or 100.4°F for bumblebees).
Similarly, the part transition level is closely influenced by the supplies that the gel builds from (e.g., elements of the cell membrane). Cold-blooded animals in flip have been noticed to alter the composition of their cell membranes in response to their setting.
In one experiment, Calotes versicolor (the widespread backyard lizard), had been acclimatized to 16°, 26°, and 36°C (60.8°, 78.8°, and 96.8°F) for a interval of thirty days. The lizards exhibited dramatic adjustments within the focus of main phospholipids (elements of the cell membrane) resembling phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, cardiolipin, and sphingomyelin.
Temperature acclimatization has additionally been noticed to differ the lipid composition of carp muscle microsomes together with carp blood cells, and seasonal variation has been noticed within the lipid composition of brains of rainbow trout.
Once the gel is held close to its transition temperature, it’s then relative simple to alter precisely the place that transition temperature is so water could be stored within the applicable part for the present physiologic wants. This is primarily finished inside the physique by altering the electrolyte composition of the realm, as robust cations (positively charged ions) destroy gels, whereas robust anions (negatively charged ions) reinforce them.
As far as I can inform, the results of those ions correlate to the excessive valence (cost) anions (-) that the majority successfully help physiologic zeta potential and people excessive valence cations (+) which most successfully destroy it.
The main cation ingredient which the physique makes use of to shift the transition temperature with the intention to destroy gels is calcium (Ca). To illustrate the impact of calcium graphically (word how a sudden essential threshold of Ca focus is reached):
These outcomes additionally confirmed how the upper valence cations, Ca2+, trigger smaller gels to type relative to low valence cations Na(1)+.
Once you set all of this collectively, you successfully get a state of affairs like this inside the cells which permits small secretions of calcium there to shift its water from a fluid to a gel state.
Conversely, if the physique can disperse the gels, it additionally wants a technique to recreate them. The main robust (excessive valence) anion it makes use of to construct them are the phosphates in adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
When we contemplate this different perform of ATP, we should always contemplate a number of the concepts first proposed by Ling (see 8.4 on web page 178). They counsel that a lot of the power obtained from ATP arises not from the power inside its bonds being damaged, however reasonably from it inducing water to type a liquid crystalline construction. In essence, a lot of the power generated from ATP finally arises from the radiant power which triggers these polymerizations (gels).
Phase transitions are quite common in mobile biology, and whereas the sphere doesn’t place a heavy emphasis on their significance, Pollack’s central argument in his first two books is that part transitions are obligatory to elucidate many features of the cell.
Note: When I later mentioned my articles with Pollack, he knowledgeable me that the principle oversight along with his earlier analysis was that that they didn’t but know that the gels had been negatively charged, which in flip explains quite a lot of the results they create (e.g., {the electrical} impulse of nerves).
Expanding Gels
One of the first makes use of for gels inside the physique is from them to quickly develop and create results from that enlargement. For instance, cells incessantly excrete small spheres (generally known as vesicles) containing essential elements, which upon exiting the cell quickly develop. Isolated mucin-producing vessels for instance endure a 600 fold enlargement in 40 milliseconds.
Prior to exiting the cell, the inner elements of the vesicle are cross linked collectively by Ca2+ (bear in mind, increased valence cations, by means of crosslinking gel proteins, will restrict gel formation whereas monovalent cations like sodium as a substitute are likely to develop them).
Once secreted from the cell, Ca2+ is eliminated and the gel quickly hydrates within the Na(1)+ answer surrounding every cell. Conversely, gels is not going to quickly develop in distilled water, and it has been noticed that liquid crystalline water’s formation can be diminished inside deionized water.
Note: Some vesicles make the most of native environmental components to alter their part. For instance, histamine is a monovalent cation (cost of +1) at a impartial pH, however turns into a divalent cation (cost of +2) in an acidic pH. Researchers had been capable of present that histamine in an acidic setting (on account of its excessive valence state), causes shrinking of mast cell granules, whereas histamine in a impartial setting permits their enlargement.
Muscle Physiology
Many of the commonest issues for which sufferers search out physicians originate from the muscular tissues. Because of this, I’ve checked out plenty of alternative ways to deal with these points. In flip, I’ve discovered fairly a couple of that constantly work however I can not clarify why as the present mannequin of muscle physiology can not present a proof.
One of the main issues with drugs (and sometimes science) is what I time period the “mechanistic trap.” Briefly it signifies that if there may be not a mechanism to elucidate why one thing works, then it’s assumed to be a hoax and thought to not truly work. I believe this compulsive want for a mannequin is kind of silly, particularly since most of the fashions we make the most of to elucidate why medication work, don’t truly make sense.
Similarly, there are numerous instances of a beforehand accepted mannequin for a drug’s mechanism that was discarded and changed with one other, and I do know of many extra examples the place an unorthodox mannequin seems to offer a a lot better rationalization for the mechanism of a remedy.
Note: This additionally holds true for a lot of different non-drug therapies.
Unfortunately, it’s almost not possible to have the FDA (or many conventionally skilled physicians) be open to contemplating a remedy for analysis except a biochemical mechanism for it’s proposed. I consider it is a reflection of the very fact pharmaceutical medication, as they’re designed to focus on sure enzymes within the physique, match into our inflexible mechanistic paradigm, whereas therapies with a broad spectrum of motion can’t be linked to a particular biochemical receptor nor as simply profited from.
Given all of this, I used to be overjoyed to find by means of Pollack that many features of the present mannequin for muscle physiology don’t make sense, and the anticipated outcomes of the mannequin don’t happen when rigorous experiments on muscular tissues are performed:
However, another mannequin for muscle physiology additionally exists. As we contemplate it, we should always needless to say muscular tissues are acknowledged to solely be able to contracting. In the cases the place one thing within the physique wants to elongate, that is achieved by having a muscle in the precise place shorten, and on account of its place, create a lengthening some place else by means of doing so (e.g., the triceps within the arm).
From Pollack’s work, I spotted that whereas muscular tissues can solely create power throughout a contraction, that is truly a results of the very fact their elements can solely forcefully lengthen.
Pollack’s mannequin is predicated on the commentary that relaxed muscular tissues include a considerable amount of structured water, whereas contracting muscular tissues primarily include water not in a semisolid gel state. Since it’s recognized that muscle firing follows the nerve sign directing calcium (Ca2+) ions to enter the muscle, this means a calcium induced part change might underlie the method.
Conversely, it’s also recognized (from the experiment beforehand described within the gradient part) that whereas muscle cells which have been reduce open can retain their potassium to sodium gradient whereas in a salt answer, the components that lack ATP are unable to.
This means that ATP is important for the liquid crystalline state of water to be current, because it excludes sodium ions from coming into the muscle cells. Similarly, it’s also recognized that with out ATP, muscular tissues will stay caught within the contracted type and be unable to elongate, one thing that happens shortly after dying (termed “rigor mortis”).
Note: One of the compelling anecdotal tales I’ve heard over time is that when severely vaccine-injured youngsters die (e.g., these with lifelong debilitating autism) rigor mortis units in a lot quicker for them. Those who noticed this steered that these youngsters had a continual power deficit, and their our bodies had been struggling to make sufficient ATP to get by. I believe that is very attainable, however it is also indicative of poor zeta potential.
I think this may additionally be seen with different continual debilitating diseases, however I’ve not interacted with the individuals who would have noticed if it did in truth happen.
Pollack additionally noticed that muscle adjustments in response to environmental components adopted a well-recognized essential threshold being handed. This additionally appeared to counsel to Pollack {that a} part change was occurring inside the muscular tissues.
So what’s Pollack’s mannequin? The muscular tissues fibers are designed to type giant gels round them, and as liquid crystalline water inside them expands, it stretches the uncoiled proteins within the fibers into helixes (till protein cross hyperlinks stop additional stretching). When the muscle must contract, calcium ions enter the muscle, eliminating the gels, and the proteins now not being lengthened elastically snap again to their authentic uncoiled configuration.
In order for the gel to rebuild, ATP is required to interrupt the cross hyperlinks created by calcium and thereby set off a part shift that reconstructs the gel.
Thus, the energy of a muscle is a product of the potential power created by liquid crystalline water’s storage of radiant power being launched. Or put in a different way, the energy of muscular tissues truly lies of their means to spontaneously lengthen and explains why many efficient muscular remedies I’ve come throughout work.
Large mechanical shear causes the cytoskeleton matrix [another key structure that expands and contracts in response to phase changes] to fluidize, a phenomenon much like bodily rejuvenation in SGM’s [certain synthetic materials]. This fluidization is adopted by a sluggish scale- free restoration of mechanical properties, a phenomenon much like bodily growing older in SGMs.
Surprisingly in response to a transient stretch, the cytoskeleton fluidizes in a sample that’s common for various cell sorts. This discovering implicates mechanisms mediated not a lot by particular signaling pathways, as it’s often assumed, however reasonably – as we clarify under – by non-specific actions of bodily forces.
Many different buildings even have the flexibility for his or her inside gels to trigger enlargement and contraction, however in contrast to skeletal muscular tissues, usually, this enlargement and contraction will not be as tightly constrained as what’s noticed inside the closely cross-linked skeletal muscular tissues.
Smooth muscular tissues, in addition to contractile rings, artificial actin gels (actin is among the commonest contractile proteins within the physique), and different organelles with few covalent cross hyperlinks and semi-random buildings are different examples of locations the place the physique makes use of this precept to maintain life.
Lastly, it has additionally been noticed that altering the encompassing concentrations of salinity round different fibers (e.g., collagen) may cause them to develop and contract to the purpose they will generate a power yielding contraction much like that of a muscle fiber.
Conclusion
There have been a couple of central questions I’ve sought to handle in my exploration of liquid crystalline water. In this sequence, I sought a mechanism to elucidate the commentary in quite a few conventional medical programs that an inherent expansive power exists all through the physique which performs a key function in offering its vitality and that when this expansive power is compromised, quite a lot of illnesses set in.
I agree with this perception and have seen quite a few cases the place it turned attainable to acknowledge the place that life sustaining enlargement had been changed with a decent compacted house, and likewise seen strategies that sought to revive that enlargement additionally restore a affected person’s vitality.
Conversely, I consider the lack of mobility and sturdiness that accompanies growing older (and one of many greatest issues to elder sufferers) is straight associated to the lack of liquid crystalline water we sometimes expertise with age.
In this text, I’ve tried as an example the structural results of liquid crystalline water inside the physique, and it’s my hope that by means of doing so, I’ve supplied a mechanism to elucidate the place that expansive power originates from. In the subsequent a part of this sequence, I clarify how water’s liquid crystalline state creates a gradient that may be harvested for power and creates the circulation life relies upon upon.
In the article after that, I did my greatest to elucidate the intertwined relationship between liquid crystalline water and zeta potential, and within the closing a part of this sequence I mentioned the strategies I’ve come throughout which seem to revive both.
Each of those matters is kind of advanced (e.g., this text was a synthesis of quite a few books and articles), however for my part nonetheless essential to dive into for unravelling the mysteries of life. In flip, it’s my honest hope the widespread awakening that has occurred in our society because of COVID-19 can rekindle curiosity to discover unconventional topics like this.
I thank every of you for the eye you gave in attempting to understanding this comparatively advanced subject which is close to and pricey to my coronary heart. I sincerely hope that you can also undertake a few of its implications into your day by day life.
A Note From Dr. Mercola About the Author
A Midwestern Doctor (AMD) is a board-certified doctor within the Midwest and a longtime reader of Mercola.com. I admire his distinctive perception on a variety of matters and I’m grateful to share them. I additionally respect his need to stay nameless as he’s nonetheless on the entrance traces treating sufferers. To discover extra of AMD’s work, make sure to try The Forgotten Side of Medicine on Substack.